The Federalist

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote The Federalist to urge ratification of the Constitution and teach the principles of good government.

The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution because they feared a large, centralized government. They lost the immediate debate but succeeded in securing a Bill of Rights.

Publius argues that the Constitution incorporates many improvements to the science of politics, including a larger territory from which to draw the best talents.

A faction is any group that pursues an interest opposed to the rights of citizens or the interest of the community. The causes of faction are sown into man’s nature. The extended republic and representation help prevent majority factions.

Publius recognizes that men are neither angels nor beasts. Man is “ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious,” but also is capable of sufficient virtue to make republican government possible.

The House of Representatives provides direct accountability to the people in the legislature.

The Articles of Confederation were weak. The Constitution must provide sufficient power to the government and prevent it from abusing that power.

The Senate provides stability to the government and accountability for the far-reaching effects of laws, which contribute to our national character in the eyes of foreign nations.

The executive requires energy, efficiency, and dispatch to enforce the laws that are passed by the legislature.

The courts must be independent to decide particular cases without undue influence. The separation of powers is a safeguard against tyranny, but the security of a republic lies in the vigilance of the people.